Refusal of Lifesaving Treatment Mental Capacity: When Psych Holds Become Medical Emergencies

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Robert, a 61-year-old retired electrician in Cleveland, walked into the emergency department with crushing chest pain, a troponin level off the chart, and a clear command from his cardiologist that he needed immediate cardiac catheterization to prevent a fatal infarction. He refused. Not in a confused, mumbling way, but firmly, with eye contact, telling the … Read more

Acute Lithium Withdrawal: Why Stopping Mood Stabilizers Cold Triggers Mania

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Rosa had been stable on lithium for eleven years. She lived in Sacramento, taught middle-school art, married a patient man named Joseph, and had not been hospitalized since her early twenties. When she and Joseph began trying for a baby, her OB suggested she stop lithium quickly, citing concerns about Ebstein’s anomaly that, while real, … Read more

Severe Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: When PMDD Becomes a Mental Health Crisis

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Hannah, a thirty-one-year-old paralegal in Boston, kept a small spiral notebook on her nightstand. For nine months she had been tracking the days. The pattern was unmistakable. Eight to ten days before each period, the world would tilt: a kind of hopelessness that arrived without warning, intrusive thoughts about not waking up, sudden rage at … Read more

Status Epilepticus and Mental Health: Post-Seizure Confusion and Psychiatric Implications

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Trevor, a 34-year-old software engineer in Sacramento, had been on bupropion for treatment-resistant depression for nine months when he was found unresponsive at his desk by a coworker who initially thought he was sleeping. The convulsions started while paramedics were loading him into the ambulance and continued through the emergency department triage area, prompting immediate … Read more

Acute Tardive Dyskinesia: Recognising and Treating Antipsychotic-Induced Movement Emergencies

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Marcus, a 64-year-old retired postal worker in Tucson, had been taking haloperidol for paranoid schizophrenia for nearly two decades when his daughter noticed something strange during a Sunday dinner. His tongue darted in and out of his mouth between bites, his lips puckered and smacked involuntarily, and his fingers played invisible piano scales on the … Read more

Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: Mental Health Symptoms with Neurological Cause

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Hannah, a 22-year-old graduate student in Boston, started her first semester of a neuroscience PhD program in good health and ended it on a locked psychiatric ward, then a neurology floor, then a neurocritical care unit, with a diagnosis no one in her family had ever heard of. The first symptoms were flu-like and unremarkable: … Read more

Acute Substance-Induced Mood Disorder: Distinguishing Drug-Induced from Primary

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Diego, a 41-year-old construction supervisor in Albuquerque, was started on a six-week taper of high-dose prednisone for severe poison oak dermatitis after a hiking trip. By the second week he was sleeping three hours a night, talking faster than his wife had ever heard, planning to refinance the house to fund a side business in … Read more